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Combining vertical systems and conventional solar parks provides clear economic benefits

Vertical PV and existing solar parks: a case for overbuilding

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Next2Sun argues that combining south-facing and vertical installations can expand connected capacity by around 60 percent while cutting infrastructure costs and improving market returns.

Najwa Abdel Latif inspects shingled-matrix cells on the stringer at Fraunhofer ISE

New silicon cells take aim at the cost of space power

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US start-up Source Energy and the German research institute Fraunhofer ISE have developed shingled-matrix silicon modules for satellites, aiming for under five dollars per watt and six-month delivery, cheaper and faster than standard III-V cells.

The berry plants sit well below the panels, with room to spare

Austria – berries and grid share the gains at one plantation

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A 20-hectare canopy of semi-transparent modules produced 1.85 million kilowatt-hours in year one, with farmers reporting stronger fruit quality under its shade.

Martin Göteson, CEO of E-Mobility

Sweden – E-Mobility wins national EV charging role

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The Swedish Transport Administration has awarded Soltech subsidiary E-Mobility a two-year framework agreement for EV charging infrastructure at its properties across Sweden, with a potential value of SEK 28 million and an option to extend for a further two years.

Pick of the week: these alpine solar modules can handle heavy snow loads, strong winds and intense UV radiation

PV Europe‘s pick of the week – tougher modules, faster roof planning

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Solitek shows new rugged solar modules. Valentin adds 3D building models for planning with a mouse click. A robust firefighter switch for PV systems, and Solar-Planit's new start page and project management round off this week's picks.

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What is photovoltaics?

Photovoltaics (PV) refers to the generation of electrical energy from sunlight. At the heart of this process are the solar-active semiconductors known as solar cells, which capture sunlight and convert it directly into electricity.

From a technical standpoint, a PV system or solar installation functions as a generator. Here, individual solar cells are combined into a solar module, which is protected from the elements. These modules are then assembled into a larger solar generator, which can be mounted on rooftopsfaçadesopen ground or specially designed structures. The electricity generated is direct current (DC), which is converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter. This AC power can be used directly on site or fed into the public grid via the building’s connection. The electricity is typically supplied to the local utility or grid operator.

Larger PV systems installed on open land are often called solar parks. These feed power into the grid via dedicated transformers and switchgear. In many countries special Acts and regulations govern remuneration for solar power, whether via feed-in tariffs or market premiums for direct sales to third parties.

Self-consumption can be increased by using solar power for heating waterroom heating, air conditioning or refrigeration. Battery storage systems help by storing surplus solar electricity for later use. These so-called solar batteries improve system reliability, especially when solar output dips.

Not all incoming sunlight is converted into electricity. The conversion rate depends on the intensity and wavelength of the incoming light spectrum. This ratio between usable electrical output and the maximum available solar radiation is known as efficiency.

The performance of a solar generator or storage system is defined by its output. When multiplied by the number of sunshine hours, this gives the solar yield – the amount of electricity generated per day, month or year. In addition to charging and discharging power, solar batteries are also rated by their capacity, or the amount of energy they can store. Power is measured in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW), while energy and yield are expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt-hours (MWh). (HS)