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This warehouse in Venlo is a major hub for solar components

Solar Investors Guide #12 – Supply chains embrace green operations

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Podcast: Specialist retailer BayWa r.e. Solar Trade is setting new standards for emissions-free logistics.Suppliers, transport, buildings, and packaging are all being examined, and notable progress has already been made. Dominik Dohr, Vice President of Global Procurement and Supply Chain at BayWa r.e. Solar Trade, has a clear vision in which renewable energy and sustainability go hand in hand. As Europe’s largest solar retailer, the company aims to cut emissions across all areas, from internal processes to logistics and supply chains.

Dr Sarunas Stanaitis of Inion Software: returns now depend more on intelligent management than on installed capacity

Maximising solar financial performance in Central and Eastern Europe

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As solar becomes an established business asset across Central and Eastern Europe, financial returns increasingly depend on disciplined operational management, market responsiveness and robust digital infrastructure.

The European battery market has seen especially rapid growth since 2021

EU battery storage up 45 percent to 27.1 GWh in 2025

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For the twelfth consecutive year, the EU achieved a record level of battery storage installations, driven primarily by utility-scale projects. Residential installations declined.

Our guest author, solar market expert Gerard Scheper from the Netherlands

After the spike – why solar and battery prices will cool again

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The recent price spike in solar modules and batteries is not a new normal but a market catching its breath, says Gerard Scheper, CEO of European Solar.

Jörg Lennertz from Uniper (right) discusses the prospects of project business.

Uniper – extensive experience in project business

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CEO Talk: Uniper brings decades of experience in the energy sector. But what role can such a strong partner play in the solar park and battery storage business? And how important is this expertise in integrating renewable energies into supply systems? Let’s find out.

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What is photovoltaics?

Photovoltaics (PV) refers to the generation of electrical energy from sunlight. At the heart of this process are the solar-active semiconductors known as solar cells, which capture sunlight and convert it directly into electricity.

From a technical standpoint, a PV system or solar installation functions as a generator. Here, individual solar cells are combined into a solar module, which is protected from the elements. These modules are then assembled into a larger solar generator, which can be mounted on rooftopsfaçadesopen ground or specially designed structures. The electricity generated is direct current (DC), which is converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter. This AC power can be used directly on site or fed into the public grid via the building’s connection. The electricity is typically supplied to the local utility or grid operator.

Larger PV systems installed on open land are often called solar parks. These feed power into the grid via dedicated transformers and switchgear. In many countries special Acts and regulations govern remuneration for solar power, whether via feed-in tariffs or market premiums for direct sales to third parties.

Self-consumption can be increased by using solar power for heating waterroom heating, air conditioning or refrigeration. Battery storage systems help by storing surplus solar electricity for later use. These so-called solar batteries improve system reliability, especially when solar output dips.

Not all incoming sunlight is converted into electricity. The conversion rate depends on the intensity and wavelength of the incoming light spectrum. This ratio between usable electrical output and the maximum available solar radiation is known as efficiency.

The performance of a solar generator or storage system is defined by its output. When multiplied by the number of sunshine hours, this gives the solar yield – the amount of electricity generated per day, month or year. In addition to charging and discharging power, solar batteries are also rated by their capacity, or the amount of energy they can store. Power is measured in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW), while energy and yield are expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt-hours (MWh). (HS)